Art and Society in Cyprus from the Bronze Age into the Iron Age

Dramatic social and political change marks the period from the end of the Late Bronze Age into the Iron Age (ca. 1300-700 BCE) across the Mediterranean. Inland palatial centres of bureaucratic power weakened or collapsed ca. 1200 BCE while entrepreneurial exchange by sea survived and even expanded, becoming the Mediterranean-wide network of Phoenician trade. At the heart of that system was Kition, one of the largest harbour cities of ancient Cyprus. Earlier research has suggested that Phoenician rule was established at Kition after the abandonment of part of its Bronze Age settlement. A reexamination of Kition`s architecture, stratigraphy, inscriptions, sculpture, and ceramics demonstrates that it was not abandoned. This study emphasises the placement and scale of images and how they reveal the development of economic and social control at Kition from its establishment in the thirteenth century BCE until the development of centralised government by the Phoenicians.